Ex 1.5 sets ncert maths solution class 11

           EXERCISE 1.5

(Ex 1.5 sets ncert maths solution class 11)

1. Let U = {1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8}, and C = {3, 4, 5, 6}. Find

(i) A’

(ii) B’

(iii) (A U C)’

(iv) (A U B)’

(v) (A’)’

(vi) (B – C)’

Solution: It is given that

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

A = {1, 2, 3, 4}

B = {2, 4, 6, 8}

C = {3, 4, 5, 6}

(i) A’ = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

(ii) B’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

(iii) A U C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

So, we get

(A U C)’ = {7, 8, 9}

(iv) A U B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8}

So, we get

(A U B)’ = {5, 7, 9}

(v) (A’)’ = A = {1, 2, 3, 4}

(vi) B – C = {2, 8}

So, we get

(B – C)’ = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}

2. If U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}, find the complements of the following sets:

(i) A = {a, b, c}

(ii) B = {d, e, f, g}

(iii) C = {a, c, e, g}

(iv) D = {fgha}

Solution: (i) A = {a, b, c}

A’ = {d, e, f, g, h}

(ii) B = {d, e, f, g}

B’ = {a, b, c, h}

(iii) C = {a, c, e, g}

C’ = {b, d, f, h}

(iv) D = {fgha}

D’ = {b, c, d, e}

3. Taking the set of natural numbers as the universal set, write down the complements of the following sets:

(i) {xx is an even natural number}

(ii) {xx is an odd natural number}

(iii) {xx is a positive multiple of 3}

(iv) {xx is a prime number}

(v) {xx is a natural number divisible by 3 and 5}

(vi) {xx is a perfect square}

(vii) {xx is perfect cube}

(viii) {xx + 5 = 8}

(ix) {x: 2x + 5 = 9}

(x) {xx ≥ 7}

(xi) {xx ∈ N and 2x + 1 > 10}

Solution: We know that

U = N: Set of natural numbers

(i) Let A = {xx is an even natural number}

⇒A’      = {xx is an odd natural number}={1, 3, 5, 7, 9 . . .    }

(ii) Let B = {xx is an odd natural number}

⇒  B’   = {xx is an even natural number} ={2, 4, 6, . …}

(iii) Let C = {xx is a positive multiple of 3}

⇒       C’     = {xx ∈ N and x is not a multiple of 3}

(iv) Let D = {xx is a prime number}

⇒ D’  =  {xx is a positive composite number and x = 1}

(v) Let E =  {xx is a natural number divisible by 3 and 5}

⇒   E’     =    {xx is a natural number that is not divisible by 3 or 5}

(vi) Let F =     {xx is a perfect square}

⇒    F’     = {xx ∈ N and is not a perfect square}

(vii) Let G=   {xx is a perfect cube}

⇒    G’   =    {xx ∈ N and is not a perfect cube}

(viii) Let H  =  {xx + 5 = 8}

⇒   H’   =   {xx ∈ N and x ≠ 3}={1, 2, 4 , 5 , 6 . . .   }

(ix)Let I = {x: 2x + 5 = 9}

⇒     I’    =   {xx ∈ N and x ≠ 2}

(x)  Let J =  {xx ≥ 7}

⇒  J’  =   {xx ∈ N and x < 7} ={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

(xi) Let K = {xx ∈ N and 2x + 1 > 10}

⇒ K’  =    {xx ∈ N and ≤ 9/2}

4. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7,8, 9}, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = {2, 3, 5, 7}. Verify that

(i) (A U B)’ = A’ ∩ B’

(ii) (A ∩ B)’ = A’ U B’

Solution: It is given that

U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7,8, 9}

A = {2, 4, 6, 8}

B = {2, 3, 5, 7}

(i) (A U B)’ = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}’ = {1, 9}

A’ ∩ B’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} ∩ {1, 4, 6, 8, 9} = {1, 9}

Therefore, (A U B)’ = A’ ∩ B’.

(ii) (A ∩ B)’ = {2}’ = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

A’ U B’ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} U {1, 4, 6, 8, 9} = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

Therefore, (A ∩ B)’ = A’ U B’.

5. Draw an appropriate Venn diagram for each of the following:

(i) (A U B)’

(ii) A’ ∩ B’

(iii) (A ∩ B)’

(iv) A’ U B’

Solution:  (i) (A U B)’

(ii) A’ ∩ B’

(iii) (A ∩ B)’

(iv) A’ U B’

6. Let U be the set of all triangles in a plane. If A is the set of all triangles with at least one angle different from 60°, what is A’?

Solution: A’ is the set of all equilateral triangles.

7. Fill in the blanks to make each of the following a true statement.

(i) A U A’ = ……..

(ii) Φ′ ∩ A = …….

(iii) A ∩ A’ = …….

(iv) U’ ∩ A = …….

Solution: (i) A U A’ = U

(ii) Φ′ ∩ A = U ∩ A = A

Φ′ ∩ A = A

(iii) A ∩ A’ = Φ

(iv) U’ ∩ A = Φ ∩ A = Φ

U’ ∩ A = Φ


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